stopbodyhate

Analgesic
Analgesics are pain killers drugs or pain relievers without a total loss of feeling. someone who analgesic consumption remains in a conscious state.
For example: In fracture patients to reduce pain given pain medication but not for heal a broken bone. Analgesic is not always remove all the pain, but always relieve pain. For example:

1.  Ibuprofen (also known by trade names: Advil, Motrin,  Nuprin and Brufen).

2.  Acetaminophen or paracetamol which can cause liver problems when used continuously in  long.

3. Aspirin or ASA (acetylsalicylic acid), which also antipyretic. Aspirin to reduce fever, headache, and reduce muscle soreness. for the relief of pain was divided into in the 2 groups, ie analgesic and anesthetic.

Hormonal replacement drug
Drugs that are used to replace compounds normally found in the body and has a function that important, for example insulin. In patients diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus) the ability of the pancreas gland to produce the hormone insulin that disrupted production decreases insulin resistance. To replace the hormone insulin it needs to be given from the outside in the form of pills or injections. The hormone insulin has been produced by using biotechnology techniques.

Antihistamines
Antihistamines are drugs given to reduce symptoms incurred because of an allergic reaction.

Based on the mechanism and how its use, the drug can classified into:

A.  Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines given to inhibit the growth of and deadly germs of infection, such as: Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi. Infectious diseases due to virus until now have not found a cure.

Medical aims to kill disease germs that cause disease contained in the body. Treatment is usually aimed to diseases caused by bacterial infection, fungi (fungi), and protozoa. Treatment for diseases caused by viral infection until there is currently no cure. Treatment should be done regular and ongoing in order to obtain results satisfactory. If not, then the germs will become resistant (resistant) to medication.
Currently, there are more than 100 kinds of antibiotics, but generally
antibiotics are derived from several types of antibiotics alone, so easy to be grouped. Based on the mechanism action, the mechanism of how antibiotics selectively toxic bacterial cells, antibiotics are grouped as follows:

1.  Interfere with cell wall synthesis, like penicillin, sefalosporin, imipenem, vancomycin, basitrasin.

2.  Interfere with bacterial protein synthesis, such as clindamycin,
linkomisin, chloramphenicol, makrolida, tetracycline, gentamicin.

3.  Inhibit the synthesis of folate, such as sulfonamida and  trimethoprim.

4.  Interfere with DNA synthesis, such as Metronidazole, kinolon,
novobiosin.

5.  Interfere with RNA synthesis, such as rifampicin.

6.  Interfere with cell membrane functions, such as polimiksin B,
gramisidin.

Antibiotics can also be classified based on the organisms that confronted and type of infection. Based on its effectiveness in against types of bacteria, can be distinguished from antibiotics that target the gram-positive or gram-negative, and antibiotics broad spectrum, which can target gram-positive bacteria and negative.

Most antibiotics have two names, trade names created by the manufacturer, and the generic name based on the chemical structure of antibiotics or chemical groups.Example trade name of amoxicillin, Cephalexin, ciprofloxacin,kotrimoksazol, tetracyclines and doksisiklin, respectively
Amoxan, Keflex, Cipro, Bactrim, Sumycin, and Vibramycin.

Each antibiotic is only effective for certain types of infections. Eg for patients diagnosed with pneumonia, then selected antibiotics can kill bacteria which causes inflammation lung. The effectiveness of each antibiotic varied
depending on the location of infection and the ability of antibiotics reaches that location.
How to giving antibiotics
Oral antibiotics are the most easily and effectively, compared with intravenous antibiotics (injection through blood vessels) are usually given for the case of a more seriously. Some antibiotics are also used topically as
in the form of ointments, creams, eye drops and ear drops.
Important for patients or their families to learn the correct use of antibiotics, such as rules and period usage. Rules used include drug dose, the interval between use, the condition of the stomach (filled or empty) and the interaction with food and other drugs. The use of less appropriate
will affect the absorption, which in turn will reducing or eliminating their effectiveness. If the use of antibiotics coupled with other drugs, which need
note is the drug interaction, either with drug-free as well as prescription drugs. For example, Biaxin406 (clarithromycin, an antibiotic) should not be shared with Theo-Dur (theophylline, an asthma medication).

Provide information to doctor and pharmacist about all medicines that are used when receiving treatment with antibiotics.
Antibiotic usage period is a period of assigned physician. Even if you feel well before the been given antibiotics, use of antibiotics should be
completed within a period of treatment.If the use of antibiotics stopped in the middle of the road, then maybe not all the bacteria die, causing the bacteria to resistant to these antibiotics. This can cause serious problem when developing resistant bacteria that cause repeated infections.

Side Effects
Besides the many benefits that can be obtained in treatment of infections, antibiotics have side effects usage, although patients do not always have the effect this side. Common side effects are headache occurred mild, mild diarrhea, and nausea.
The doctor should be notified in the event of side effects such as vomiting,
great diarrhea and abdominal cramps, allergic reactions (such as shortness of breath, itching and red welt on the skin, swelling of the lips, face or tongue, loss of consciousness), white patches on the tongue, and itchy and red stripes in the vagina.

Antibiotic Resistance
One of the leading concern in modern medicine is occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, such as bacteria initially sensitive to antibiotics, and then become resistant. Some bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutation process and selection, then give it to a few genes other bacteria through a process of genetic change that there is in bacteria. When the bacteria that cause infections showed resistance to antibiotics that previously sensitive, it is necessary to find other antibiotics instead. Now natural penicillin ineffective against bacteria staphylococcal and should be replaced by other antibiotics.

Patent medicine
Patent drugs are medicines that are sold with a particular trademark
so the price becomes relatively expensive because the cost
marketing that is borne by pharmaceutical companies, especially
for ethical drugs. Although legally this type of drug promotion
not allowed, but in practice many of the costs absorbed
by medical personnel themselves. For example: acetaminophen or too
known as paracetamol, marketed under the trademarks
(patents) Tilenol.

Generics
Generic drug is made and distributed by a rival company
so the price is relatively cheap. When the patent for a drug has been
expires, the drug is sold as a generic drug.

Traditional medicines
Traditional medicine is a traditional medicine made or down
generations of ancestors. From research-ever done, urinary Phyllanthus has been shown to cure hepatitis. Caused by work force capable Meniran
boost immunity, so as to overcome liver disorders caused by hepatitis B. Wild Ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is a material for traditional medicine
can be overcome hepatitis B.

Drugs are chemical compounds from outside the body created by
goal to eliminate or reduce the causes of disease symptoms caused by a disease. Drugs intended to eliminate the cause of the disease known causative drugs, whereas drugs that are intended to reduce the symptoms of caused by a disease called symptomatic medication.

Drugs can be obtained from a medical professional (Doctor) or from the pharmacy (who bought the drug from the pharmaceutical companies). Drugs
can also be obtained through pharmacies, health centers, and drug stores.

Drugs can be purchased directly by the user when the drug can
safely used alone, or authorized by prescription (prescription) written by a doctor. Drugs that do not require prescription from a professional medical drugs known as OTC (Over The Counter) which means it can be bought in regular stores. Recipes doctor is an order (especially in written form) from
health professionals to the pharmacist (pharmacy) or a therapist others to provide treatment to patients.

Counter drugs are medicines that can be obtained without having to using the recipe. Free drug is less dangerous but if overused or can exceed cause danger. Prescription drugs are medicines that must be obtained by using
doctor’s prescription. Therefore, selling prescription drugs (hard) without a prescription including breaking the law (illegal).

Based on the way of administration, drug can be given as:
1.  Swallowed

2.  Chew

3.  Inhaled

4.  Inhaled

5.  Applied to the skin surface

6.  Injected

7.  Infused

8.  Drizzling

9.  Oral drug delivery is a way of giving a most important to obtain systematic effects.
10.  Parenteral administration of drugs used for treatment in emergencies where the patient unconscious or not can swallow and for maintenance therapy for patients treated in hospital.