Based on the mechanism and how its use, the drug can classified into:
A. Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines given to inhibit the growth of and deadly germs of infection, such as: Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi. Infectious diseases due to virus until now have not found a cure.
Medical aims to kill disease germs that cause disease contained in the body. Treatment is usually aimed to diseases caused by bacterial infection, fungi (fungi), and protozoa. Treatment for diseases caused by viral infection until there is currently no cure. Treatment should be done regular and ongoing in order to obtain results satisfactory. If not, then the germs will become resistant (resistant) to medication.
Currently, there are more than 100 kinds of antibiotics, but generally
antibiotics are derived from several types of antibiotics alone, so easy to be grouped. Based on the mechanism action, the mechanism of how antibiotics selectively toxic bacterial cells, antibiotics are grouped as follows:
1. Interfere with cell wall synthesis, like penicillin, sefalosporin, imipenem, vancomycin, basitrasin.
2. Interfere with bacterial protein synthesis, such as clindamycin,
linkomisin, chloramphenicol, makrolida, tetracycline, gentamicin.
3. Inhibit the synthesis of folate, such as sulfonamida and trimethoprim.
4. Interfere with DNA synthesis, such as Metronidazole, kinolon,
novobiosin.
5. Interfere with RNA synthesis, such as rifampicin.
6. Interfere with cell membrane functions, such as polimiksin B,
gramisidin.
Antibiotics can also be classified based on the organisms that confronted and type of infection. Based on its effectiveness in against types of bacteria, can be distinguished from antibiotics that target the gram-positive or gram-negative, and antibiotics broad spectrum, which can target gram-positive bacteria and negative.
Most antibiotics have two names, trade names created by the manufacturer, and the generic name based on the chemical structure of antibiotics or chemical groups.Example trade name of amoxicillin, Cephalexin, ciprofloxacin,kotrimoksazol, tetracyclines and doksisiklin, respectively
Amoxan, Keflex, Cipro, Bactrim, Sumycin, and Vibramycin.
Each antibiotic is only effective for certain types of infections. Eg for patients diagnosed with pneumonia, then selected antibiotics can kill bacteria which causes inflammation lung. The effectiveness of each antibiotic varied
depending on the location of infection and the ability of antibiotics reaches that location.
How to giving antibiotics
Oral antibiotics are the most easily and effectively, compared with intravenous antibiotics (injection through blood vessels) are usually given for the case of a more seriously. Some antibiotics are also used topically as
in the form of ointments, creams, eye drops and ear drops.
Important for patients or their families to learn the correct use of antibiotics, such as rules and period usage. Rules used include drug dose, the interval between use, the condition of the stomach (filled or empty) and the interaction with food and other drugs. The use of less appropriate
will affect the absorption, which in turn will reducing or eliminating their effectiveness. If the use of antibiotics coupled with other drugs, which need
note is the drug interaction, either with drug-free as well as prescription drugs. For example, Biaxin406 (clarithromycin, an antibiotic) should not be shared with Theo-Dur (theophylline, an asthma medication).
Provide information to doctor and pharmacist about all medicines that are used when receiving treatment with antibiotics.
Antibiotic usage period is a period of assigned physician. Even if you feel well before the been given antibiotics, use of antibiotics should be
completed within a period of treatment.If the use of antibiotics stopped in the middle of the road, then maybe not all the bacteria die, causing the bacteria to resistant to these antibiotics. This can cause serious problem when developing resistant bacteria that cause repeated infections.
Side Effects
Besides the many benefits that can be obtained in treatment of infections, antibiotics have side effects usage, although patients do not always have the effect this side. Common side effects are headache occurred mild, mild diarrhea, and nausea.
The doctor should be notified in the event of side effects such as vomiting,
great diarrhea and abdominal cramps, allergic reactions (such as shortness of breath, itching and red welt on the skin, swelling of the lips, face or tongue, loss of consciousness), white patches on the tongue, and itchy and red stripes in the vagina.
Antibiotic Resistance
One of the leading concern in modern medicine is occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, such as bacteria initially sensitive to antibiotics, and then become resistant. Some bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutation process and selection, then give it to a few genes other bacteria through a process of genetic change that there is in bacteria. When the bacteria that cause infections showed resistance to antibiotics that previously sensitive, it is necessary to find other antibiotics instead. Now natural penicillin ineffective against bacteria staphylococcal and should be replaced by other antibiotics.